Iron losses include hysteresis and Foucault (wandering currents). The rate of hysteresis losses depends on the type and composition of the cores (steel sheets) and the other part is the Foucault losses (or losses of wandering currents). Iron loss is effective in determining the engine power factor. Iron losses are increased at low loads and hence lead to low power factors. The inductive motor, even at full load, has a relatively "weak" power factor, ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 ps. Therefore, it is economically necessary to ensure that, as far as possible, proper selection and adjustment of the engine with sufficient load is achieved, so that the minimum efficiency and the low power factors are minimized. Smaller engines have lower power factor characteristics than larger engines, so there is a possibility of lowering the power factor in installations where many smaller engines are used.
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